The Survey of the Legal Status of Indispensable Formal Documents Enforcement in Iran’s Notary Organization

Abstract

In general codes of law of the countries including Iran there are special rights predicted for the owners of formal documents and other documents featuring formal document in order to accredit them and facilitate the business transactions. This is also considered as some sort of de-judicialization and the owners of such documents do no need to attend the courts as plaintiff and prove their claims and also they are not required to pass the formalities and the long procedures of trials and having such documents at hand they can refer to the notary enforcement circles or the notary public offices to take advantage of the rights justified for them therein. It is in this manner that they should first observe the rules of formal documents enforcement approved and ratified in the indispensable formal documents rules of procedure and the other sanctioned regulations. In the present study, the formative and the natural issues pertaining to the indispensable formal documents and the ordinary documents which can be enforced as ruled by the law (such as cheques) via the notary enforcement circles and transiently via the judicial courts will be investigated. The author’s intention of writing the present research paper has been, firstly, the elaboration of the legal principles and concepts of indispensable formal documents, explication of the formative and the natural issues related to the indispensable formal documents enforcement and the ordinary documents which can be enforced as decreed by the law, as well as the expression of the administrative formalities and the legal processes such documents are required to undergo in public notary offices (enforcement unit), and, secondly, the exposition of the study subject matter from the legal status perspective of documents enforcement through notary enforcement and, finally, there is this possibility that after a judicial writ of execution is issued the obliged individual or the third party may have objections regarding the judicial writ of execution issuance or the executive operations. Therefore, their objection rights should be accepted and taken into consideration regarding the judicial writ of execution or the executive operations based on the relevant statutory cases and this is analyzed in the fourth chapter of the present study. It is necessary to explain that justice ministry courts are sometimes qualified to deal with the objections to the judicial writ of execution issuance or operations and this is exactly the very topic of “special legal regime”.