Journal of History Culture and Art Research

The Relationship of Form-Function-Life in a Traditional Anatolian Housing

2024-01-11T12:29:41+03:00

In recent studies, it has been revealed that building art forms and especially housing formations are affected by many variables. In the architectural pattern, the form is developed by following the function, which arises from the socio-cultural need of the human being. For this reason, housing formations have emerged not only as a result of physical effects or factors, but also as a result of the suppression or manipulation of all social life factors. The traditional Anatolian house is the product of material culture accumulation formed by the determination of the life style experienced for many years. It is a reflection of the individual's personality and worldview with its material, form and equipment. The "middle space", which is the focus of all the activities of the home life in the Anatolian residence, has a reference volume; It became the main determinant of the plan by transforming into an outer courtyard in warm climates, life in temperate regions, and a tandoori house in cold climates. The rich historical culture of the geography where the house was built has also been one of the shape determinants of the formal structure. The division of the harem-salon, which is formed due to the religious sensitivity brought by the belief in privacy, is also the agent of the furnishing of the interiors of the rooms and the shaping of the room elements. The structure of Anatolian houses, which were created with the principle of the generality of a single form and a single structure, is simple and can be read from the outside. The Anatolian house is built with an architectural style that is suitable for life, nature and environmental conditions, and instead of struggling with nature, it adapts to it and participates in the life cycle of nature. The construction methods of the Anatolian house are based on the principle of convenience and the dimensions are determined on the basis of human dimensions. In Anatolian housing construction, where the direction of the facades is determined by considering even the direction of the wind, the houses face the sunrise. Anatolian residences, built with the nobility of simplicity, have captured the aesthetics on the facades with the contrast of occupancy-space, gradation and depth of projection.

This study aims to increase the recognition of traditional Anatolian residential architecture, which has emerged as a result of long historical experiences, and to create exemplary applications for future residential building designs. The study questions the function factor that determines the formation of the building elements, including the selection and planning of the place where the traditional Anatolian house will be built, and its relations with life. In addition, in the study, an answer is sought to the question of why the traditional Anatolian house is the type of building desired by the society.

Corporate Hexes: The Conundrum of Bound Leaders in Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Macbeth

2023-08-07T11:08:26+03:00

Shakespeare's stage in Macbeth is red. It is a vivid and bloody reminder of the power and violence that comes with hubristic behaviour and sheer ambition. It serves as a warning for those who have their sights set on leadership, depicting a dark and contradictory view of how violence, as a means to exert dominance and maintain control, consumes the souls of the leaders. In the play, violence is both a tool of oppression and a form of justice, a point that is made even more poignant by its relevance to modern-day politics. In the contemporary world of politics, corporate influence, particularly in Anglo-American context for the current study, leaders frequently become susceptible to external forces, motivated by ambition and paranoia. Similarly, Macbeth’s story serves as a reminder that no one is immune to the seduction of power. It mirrors contemporary issues and challenges in modern-day politics asserting that no matter what the system of governance is, leaders fall prey to the incantations of the unseen powers. Hence, in the study the writer seeks to explore an intersection of history and present-day power relations under corporate influence in an Anglo-American context.

Pedagogical Explications of Cultural Studies of Jerome Bruner

2023-09-27T12:47:35+03:00

The article provides an overview of the pedagogical ideas of Jerome Bruner set out in the work “Culture of Education”. J. Bruner, being a representative of cognitive psychology, considers pedagogical processes from the standpoint of the cultural-historical theory of L. Vygotsky. The pedagogy of J. Bruner is based on the culture of that society in which a child’s thinking is formed. The article highlights three explicative characteristics of J. Bruner's pedagogy. The primary explication is the transition of Bruner’s cognitive psychology into the field of practical pedagogy. The second manifestation of Bruner’s theory explication is the culture concept in pedagogy, forms and methods of practical implementation of this concept. The third manifestation of J. Bruner’s pedagogical explication is the emphases in analysis of the theme of culture and education from the perspective of the relationship between positions of the collective and individual in the system of teaching and upbringing, and mainly the specificity of these relationships according to J. Bruner. In the review, all three manifestations of the pedagogical explication of J. Bruner are concretized in two main elements of J. Bruner’s scientific theory, the first one is the role of culture in the education system in general and in pedagogy in particular. And the second element is the practical reflection of the theme of culture in pedagogical forms and methods, as it is seen by J. Bruner. The article highlights the main idea of J. Bruner that education is ensuring reproduction of the culture on the basis of which it arose. Moreover, not just to reproduce, but to be a conductor of economic, political and cultural goals inherent in a given society. This thesis constitutes the main meaning and spirit of the pedagogical explication of cultural studies of J. Bruner.

Representation of the Native Africans: A Postcolonial Reading of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness

2023-10-30T17:42:49+03:00

Abstract

This article essentially examines Joseph Conrad’s presentation of the native Africans as black, savage, barbarous, primitive, shadow of evil, unproductive, and inhuman in his famous novella Heart of Darkness (1899). The paper sets out focusing on the facts related to the postcolonial studies that have become a new academic discipline which criticizes those systems created by the colonizers. Postcolonial theory participates in discussing race, othering, subaltern, and orientalism. The word 'postcolonial' pertains to the repercussions of imperialism or colonialism on various cultures and communities. Although there have been many discussions on the theme of exploitation of Africa by the colonizers in Heart of Darkness (1899), the present study explores and explains how Conrad is unsympathetic in depicting the identity and life style of the native Africans and backwardness of this region through the qualitative research by using many postcolonial terms like racism, othering, subalternity, and orientalism. The findings of the experiment demonstrate an amplification of the Europeans' perception of the orient as distinct and lacking in civilization. Consequently, it is argued that it becomes incumbent upon the Western world to pass judgement on them. However, it is paradoxical that the individuals shown as seemingly civilised in the book are, in fact, quite savage. Indeed, the insatiable desire for power, feelings of envy, and the relentless pursuit of ivory have propelled these individuals towards a detestable transformation, whereby they have become corrupt, horrible, and ruthless entities that exploit the indigenous Africans as enslaved labourers for their own self-serving objectives, then discarding them as if they were disposable refuse.