Emanation of Formalistic Criticism Components in Nima Yushigs' "Khabe Zemestani"

Abstract

Formalism is an approach and critical theory in which, form and structure are its essential elements of aesthetic considerations. Coleridge believes that form is a function of considered thoughts in poetry. From his point of view, form is achieved from inside the poem and by its' subject necessity. Nima abstains to directly explain his thoughts and emotions in "Khabe Zemestani" poem and symbolically proceeds to state his status and social events. The purpose of this article is the formalistic analysis of "Khabe Zemestani" poem from Nima Yushige. The issue of this paper is to explain the meaning and content of the poem "Khabe Zemestani" in the form and structure way, which has been done in library and content analysis method. The result of this analysis indicates that the most important motif in this poem is based on contrasts between "life and death", "sleep and wakefulness" and "neglect and soberness". Therefore, the main act of poem is based on divergence. In fact, contradictions, paradoxes and symbols in the poetry of Nima, have portrayed the main characters' condition and the social palpitation of his era with the help of nature elements.