Atık Kompozit İçecek Kartonları Geri Dönüşüm Yöntemleri /

Özet

Kağıt, plastik ve alüminyum malzeme katmanlarından oluşan kompozit kartonlar özellikle sıvı gıdaların muhafazası için tercih edilen bir ambalaj türüdür. İlk olarak süt için tasarlanan ve geliştirilen kompozit kartonlar, günümüzde sütün yanı sıra pek çok gıda ve içeceğin ambalajlanmasında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kullanım sürecini tamamladıktan sonra atık halini alan kompozit içecek kartonlarının geri dönüşümünde ise ciddi sıkıntılar bulunmaktadır. Özellikle ülkemizde bu tür atıkların geri dönüşümünün sağlanması sınırlı olarak yapılmakta, bu atıkların büyük bir kısmı depolama alanlarına gönderilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu atıkların yönetimine yönelik öncelikli bilimsel çalışmaların yapılarak, uygun yönetim alternatiflerinin uygulamaya aktarılması ihtiyacı doğmuştur. Bu çalışmada, atık kompozit içecek kartonlarının değerlendirme yöntemleri ve süreçleri araştırılarak bu yöntemler sonucunda elde edilen ürünler ile kullanım alanlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Recycling Methods of Composite Beverage Carton Waste Composite cartons which consist of paper, plastic and aluminum, are used in packaging of drinks. However composite cartons are designed and developed for the milk packaging, now days it has been widely used in packaging of many food and drink. There are serious problems in recycling of composite cartons. Since recycling of packaging wastes is limited in Turkey, most of the packaging waste is been landfilled. Therefore, primarily there has been a need to scientific studies done about the management of packaging wastes and implementation of appropriate packaging waste management alternatives. In this study, detailed and technical data about recycling of composite beverage cartons has been obtained from the previous studies, printed - digital databases, company, Environmental Agency and web pages. The project about the Management of Packaging Wastes has been carried out in coordination with ISTAC Co. in 26 districts in İstanbul. Every step including public training to acceptance of packaging waste to recycling facility has been observed. Many analyses are done to determine the amount and character of waste. Technical reports are presented about the results of the technical visits to waste collecting-separation and recycling facilities. The data presented in the study is obtained from the project about Management of Packaging Wastes which is done between in 2005-2012. Wafer board production is the simplest and cheapest recycling method of packaging wastes where the separation of components cannot be done by handling. First step of recycling of packaging waste is the recovery of %75 paper by hidropulper method. An extra recovery process should be done for recycling of aluminum and plastic. Many technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification and plasma are been investigated as alternative recycling methods for recycling of packaging wastes. Since there have been some regulations regarding the certification of packaging waste management. Even the amount of the packaging waste is less than %1 of the solid waste, an assessment for packaging wastes has been vital. However recycling of packaging waste has started with wafer production by using simple physical processes, now days many complex methods are developed. Unfortunately none of the new Technologies has been used in Turkey. With the adaption of appropriate technologies to our country and new investments as a result of investigation of new Technologies will provide an economical benefit while reducing the environmental impact. This study aims to create awareness for composite packaging waste in following researches and studies