Formation of Geometric Patterns in the Architectural Decoration: An Investigation on the Ilkhanids’ Period

Authors

  • Fatemeh Rajabi Payame Noor University
  • Molood Khosravi Payame Noor University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v8i3.2251

Keywords:

Geometric Pattern, Decoration, Architecture, The Ilkhanids, Nasir al-Din Tosi, Islamic Art.

Abstract

The Ilkhanids made considerable changes in their ancestors’ legacy after capturing Iran caused the creation of complex geometric patterns. Exhaustive research has been undertaken about the features of decoration of this era; however, the raised question is how this progress could have happened in spite of slaughtering or secluding the artists. The purpose of this study is to point out the role of the most effective factors in the formation of the decorations with complex geometric patterns during the Ilkhanids’ era. This study implements a descriptive-historical approach with reference to written library sources. The analysis of the observations shows that Iranian rulers and scholars, especially Nasir al-Din Tosi, have played a key role in this development. This includes especially Nasir al-Din Tosi who is the composer of several fields including astronomy, ethics, history, logic, jurisprudence, mathematics, medicine, poetry, and philosophy as well he translated from the Greek geometry books. His success influenced Mongols. Eventually, he was appointed in several administration positions. His position influenced the promotion and progress of the geometry and math and their application in architecture and engineering. In fact, it can be said that the interaction of architects and mathematicians, which was Tosi’s brainchild, brought about a turning point in the Ilkhanids’ art and architecture, especially geometric decorations.

References

Abdullahin, Y., & Bin Embi, M. R. (2013). Evolution of Islamic geometric patterns. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 2, 243-251.

Adalat, A. (2010). The Impact of the Mongolian Disaster on the History of the Political Social-Scientific Society of Iran. Bukhara Magazine, 77-78, 227-262

Bayani, S. (1992). Religion and Government in Iran Mongol Empire. Tehran: Publishing Center

Bolkhari, H. (2004). Islamic Art in Thought of Khaje Nasir al-Din Tosi, International Congress commemorating Khawaja Nasir al-Din Tosi, Jawaharlal Nehru University in collaboration with UNICEF and House of Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran in India, New Delhi, March.

Critchlow, K. (1989). Islamic Patterns: An Analytical and Cosmological Approach. Schocken Books.

Eghbal Ashtiyani, A., Pirnia, H., & Javanmardi, L. (2010). Complete History of Iran. Tehran. Arvand and Sama Publications.

Golabchi, M., & Javani Dizaji, A. (2013). Iran's Technological Architecture. Tehran: Tehran University Press.

Jamaloddin, G., & Kakhkhi, A. S. (2017). Investigating the Components of Islamic Architecture in the Period of the Ilkhanids from the History of the Social (Ilkhanids Period: Architectural and Architectural Classes, Supervisor, Supporters and Constructors). Social History Research, 1, 57-84

Kakhki, A. S., & Nejad, B. T. (2016). A study of Ilkhanids’ geometric decorations of altars in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Islamic Architecture, 10, 77-91.

Kiani, Z., & Amiriparyan, P. (2016). The Structural and Spatial Analyzing of Fractal Geometry in Organizing of Iranian Traditional Architecture. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 766-777.

Mehdi, L., Moghadam, N., & Goodarzi, M. (2014). The altar and the patterns designed on it (Seljuk and Ilkhanids era). The Journal of Visual Arts Shaheed, 19, 7-18.

Mohammadpour Sarai, M. (2014). Geometric Decoration Survey in Iranian Architecture, (Case Study of Islamic Star Pattern). The First International Conference on Civil and Civil Architecture, Iran.

Montasheri, M. (2016). The study of the trend of development of brick decorations in Iranian architecture in mosques and the reason of underdevelopment in tile work from the post-Islam Iranian architecture to the Ilkhanids. Quarterly of Jondi Shapoor, 6, 80-107.

Naeima, G. (1997). Dezful Town Brick. Tehran: National Heritage Organization.

Panahi, A. (2012). Application of geometry in brick decoration of Islamic architecture of Iran in Seljuk Period. Journal of American Science, 6, 814-821.

Pope, A. (2006). Persian Architecture. Translated by Gholam Hossein Sadri Afshar. Tehran: Farhangan.

Pourjagh, Z. (2013). Introducing Manuscripts: Euclid's Writing. The Islamic Heritage of Iran, 2(1).

Razavi, S. A. (2013). Nasir al-Din Tosi and Discourse of Inhibition in the Ilkhanids Empire. Journal of the History of Islamic Culture and Civilization, 13, 93-108.

Reza zadeh, E. (2013). Professor of Humanity (Proceedings of the National Conference on the Celebration of Khaje Nasir al-Din Tosi). Tehran: Jahad University Press.

Sajadi, A. (1996). The evolution of the altar in the Islamic architecture of Iran from the beginning to the Mongol invasion. Tehran: Cultural Heritage Organization.

Schrato, U., & Grube, E. (1997). The History of Iranian Arts (Ilkhanids and Teimorid Arts). Translated by Yaghoub Azhand. Tehran: Mola.

Shahbazi, M., & Shiran, H. (1959). Study on the development of decorations on the architecture of mosques in Iran and the reasons for the development of tile in the architecture of post-Islam to the Ilkhanids era. Jundishapur Quarterly Journal of Ahwaz Shahid Chamran University, 2(6), 80-112.

Shekofteh, A. (2012). Visual Characteristics of the Decorations Index of the Architecture of the Ilkhanids Architecture, 2, 79-98.

Shekofteh, A., & Ahmadi, O. (2015). Elemental decoration of Seljuk and its continuity in the decorations of Khwarazmshahi and Ilkhanids era. Quarterly journal of Islamic Architectural Studies, 6, 84-104.

Shole Saadi, M. (2015). Nasir al-Din Tosi’s collection of poetry and its relation to art and architecture. Proceedings of the First National Conference on Iranian Islamic Architecture.

Wendenberg, L. (2000). Archaeology of Ancient Iran, translation of Isa Behnam. University of Tehran.

Yazdanloo, O. (2015). Nasir al-Din Tosi and Summary of Her Literary Theory. Second National Congress of Fame Recognition of Khorasan.

Downloads

Published

2019-10-01

How to Cite

Rajabi, F., & Khosravi, M. (2019). Formation of Geometric Patterns in the Architectural Decoration: An Investigation on the Ilkhanids’ Period. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 8(3), 330-352. https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v8i3.2251