Countenance of the Indian Subcontinent and Iqbal Lahouri as a Theorist of Independence of Pakistan in the Poetry of Malik Alshoara Bahar

India and Iran have deep, ancient, ethnic, and cultural background in common in such a way that cultural, social, and political developments in the Indian land have always been observed by Iranian scholars and politicians. Persian language had been the official, courtier, and literature language of India since the fourth century AH until the beginning of British domination in India, approximately eight hundred years. During this period, many scientists and scholars have emerged in this country and valuable works had been created in Farsi. India has raised countless great politicians and scholars. Iqbal Lahouri is among them along with Gandhi, who was the leader of the peaceful protest movement against the British colonial. He raised the idea of establishing an Islamic state with the name of Pakistan after independence of India. An Iranian scholar Malik Alshoara Bahar, who lived in Iqbal’s time, frequently had cited Iqbal and developments in India. At the same time, Malik Alshoara Bahar was an active member of the Constitutional Movement Current during political developments in Iran. Therefore, naturally, Indian developments and ideas and thoughts of Iqbal Lahouri, as a Muslim theorist and scholar, had grown in his poetry.


Introduction
Due to the ethnic and cultural commonalities between Iran and India, it is not surprising that Iranian literary scholars have long considered Indian land. Malik Alshoara Bahar is among these scholars that he is the witness and a supervisor of struggles of Indian people for liberation from colonial rule of the British and also efforts of Indian Muslims to the formation of an independent country. In the meantime, Iqbal Lahouri, as being a thinker politician that raises the theory of Pakistani independence and being one of the greatest Persian poets, has attracted attention of Malik Alshoara Bahar, who was Iranian scholar and politician of his time. This paper investigates the position India and as well as Iqbal Lahouri from the perspective of Malik Alshoara Bahar.

Common Roots of Iran and India
Scientific researches have proven the existence of common bonds between Iran and India. In the late eighteenth century, the English jurist, William Jones, who lives in India, studied the Sanskrit language. He, as being familiar with Greek, Latin and Persian languages (Avestan and Ancient Persian), realized with the comparison them that these similarities cannot be coincidence. In addition, Jones found that by investigating remain texts from the mentioned languages; the existence of these similarities is easily verifiable. Jones stated in a speech after the discovery of these points in 1786 AD: "First, he studied languages with the same origin and second that the Greek and Latin languages (as opposed to the belief of theorists of that time) are not more comprehensive than Sanskrit by no means" (Goyri, 2007: 107). Hassan Pirnia has known the same also the initial origin of the people of Iran and India. He stated after the division of Indo-European people into eight branches: "One of the mentioned branches is branch of Indo-Iranian or Ariyans that is divided into three parts; a part has went to India; a part has come to the vast land that today is called the Iranian plateau and because they have name themselves "Ariyan", have given their name (Ayran, Eyran, Iran) to this plateau" (Pirnia, 1927: eleven).
Also, it has been carved in the Bisotun inscription in three languages, Darius, has brought the name of Twenty-three states that has inherited from his ancestors and among them eleven eastern states are called East that a state of it is Hindi and in the name of "Gandhara" and has continued from the mountains of "Parapamizad" to "Punjab'. In addition to this, one other state was added to the eastern states for the inscription of Persepolis in 515 BC, that it is the same Sofla Indian or Sindh. Language and religion of the people of India and Iran that were the same nation were at first the same, especially that part of India that was named Pakistan after independence, Pakistan culturally and historically has been more familiar with its Iranian brothers and have had traffic and commute. At that time also that Iranians embraced Islam, this part of India became Muslims too. So, two nations of Iran and India because were of a same race, have affected very long time mutually on the thoughts, moral and spirit of each other (see Iqbal, 1991: Five and six).

The Position of India in Iranian Literature
Perhaps the Iranian people have shown interest in India in their literature more than any other nations. This familiarity is very deep-rooted and ancient so that Iranians, in the myth of Adam's expulsion from paradise, know a place of landing him on Sarandib of India. This issue is found in the poem of some great Iranian poets, including the Nizami, the sixth century poet in Eskandarnameh from the Alexander says: It marks that the Persian language has flourished in India. Bideli gar raft Iqbali resid bidelan ra novbat e hali resid (Ibid, vol2: 887)

Malik Alshoara Bahar and Countenance of Colonialism in India
Friendship and interest of Malik Alshoara Bahar to the Indian subcontinent have been led that he sympathize with the people of India by observing the oppression that England has imposed to this land. He in the ode of "The Curse to the England" points out to the colonial crimes of England to this land and thereby expresses his grief: Malik Alshoara Bahar knows the role of Iqbal Lahouri more and more effective than any other person in the way of independence of Pakistan and he appreciates his rank as much that states that twentieth century should be named the Iqbal century: Gharn e hazer khase ye Iqbal gasht vahedi kaz sad hezaran bargozasht