Ethno-religious Mentality in Modern Karachay-Balkar Poetry

The paper studies ethno-religious mentality issues through modern Karachay-Balkar poetry of the late XX and early XXI centuries. Global changes in the ideological, political, spiritual aspects of life have galvanized interest in determining ethnic and cultural influence on artistic creativity in modern poetry. It goes without saying that rites, customs, and other folk ethnographic elements have gradually begun disappearing; new forms are replacing them nowadays. Therefore, one of the urgent tasks in literary criticism, as we see it, is analysis of works of literature created by New-Generation Authors that reflect, in our opinion, the major trends and national peculiarities. Literary analysis of the works of new authors are carried out for the first time. We hope we could manage to trace the specifics of the interrelationship of continuity and innovation, to research evolution nature and the prospects for the development of artistic awareness of the young poets in the region.


Introduction
The ongoing transformations in the spiritual life of the society resulted in migration of some kinds of cultural activity to the so-called national periphery.
Meanwhile, the North Caucasian literature is of a particular interest. We consider national poetry in the ethnic and cultural aspect as one of the strong symbolic trends of our study. This aspect involves moral and ethical dimensions that allow revealing recurrent patterns in the formation and evolution of national identity, cognitive structures and ethno-psychological specificity of the Karachay-Balkar Turkic ethnic group.
The researching of the issues of the ethno-national mentality within literary "reflection" is an important aspect in view of the cultural identity and ethnic markers, traditional for the Karachay-Balkar ethnic group, and its poetry.
Within the framework of our investigation, it is necessary to highlight previous studies on the matter carried out by Sultanov K., Tolgurov Z. KH., Tolgurov T. Z., Maremshaova I. I., Urusbiyeva F., Bittirova T. SH., Kaziyeva A. M.,. Kuchukova Z. A., Tetuyev B. I. et al. However, despite numerous North Caucasian scholars' publications in the local literature touching upon different problems (Sultanov K., Tolgurov Z. Kh., Tolgurov T. Z., Maremshaova I., Urusbieva F., Bittirova, etc.) there are still subjects for exploration. For example changes in the ethnic awareness in the context of general universal evolutionary processes in the poetry of the last period (late XX -early XXI century).

Research materials and methods
The researches have been performed on the collection of poetry by Artur Bakkuev, Lyuba Akhmatova, Zhaukhar Lokyaeva, Aishat Kuscheterova, who joined literary processes in the late 80s; collection of the new generation's poetry by Shamil Uzdenov, Amina Gazaeva, Nauruz Bayramkulov, Diana Rakhaeva, poem collection "Teiry Kylych" (Rainbow) from young authors, and all issues of the literary magazine "Mingi tau".
For our purposes, we have applied an integrating approach with elements of comparative and historical linguistics, holistic approach, and historical-critical method. The results obtained contribute to the development of the theory of the text and discourse in view of investigating the latest Karachay and Balkar poetry.

Discussion
Considering the trends of North Caucasian literature, it can be argued that the concept of "national character" still exists in the author's state of mind. The definition encompasses search for the meaning in life and spiritual and moral values in society (Sultanov, 2001). In the poetry and other literary genres, the writers to maintain ethnic and cultural identity resisting thus the process of assimilating.
We cannot but concur the statement of N. Ponarina, that "cultural imperialism" provokes an inevitable response, expressed in a greater demand for one's own identity, preservation of the basic elements of the national picture of the world and traditional way of living" (Ponarina, 2012, p.13).
Literary works have a crucial influence on the evolution of literature reflecting a particular era background and spiritual value. As is well known the Socialist realism was the mainstream in the art, the official style of the Soviet period. It served as one of the instruments imposed for public policy problem resolution. The Great Patriotic War of 1941 -1945, as well as mass deportations marked a new epoch in literature, sharpening national sense of self and identity against the background of historical and social events in the USSR. From 1944 to 1957 the Karachay and Balkar peoples survived deportation. That period was tagged as "stagnant" in the Karachay-Balkar literature. The second half of the twentieth century marked the beginning of the "democratization" in the country and artistic awareness.
The situation today is characterized as contradictory. On the one hand, in all spheres of life things are changing so rapidly that society is unable to cope with them, and on the other hand, we observe cultural integration and unification. Now Russia, as well as countries throughout the world, have been facing a profound ideological crisis. Under these circumstances, new generation is assigned a key role in shaping Spiritual, Moral, Social, and Cultural values. It is the youth that The poetry of this period is characterized by the most pressing problems, the harsh reaction to the negative phenomena of life, the exacerbation of critical pathos in relation to national historical and political concerns of the Karachay and Balkar peoples. The spiritual impoverishment and moral decay processes in the modern historical epoch are associated with the globalization pressure. In this situation, the regional artistic world cannot be left aside. The Karachay and Balkar poets like other workers of literature face the problems and are engaged in searching for the way of future development of the nation. Today, young poets inspired by the moral principle of national survival turn to the nation roots, ethnicity and ethnically marked characters, rather than to cultures global merging. In this sense, they reflect the current realities of the contemporary world very narrowly.
Yet, the ongoing transformations also affect the complete picture of the artistic world they create.
Sometimes there are some polemical ideas and characters that are far from the ideas and characters of the New Age in their picture.
Modern poets bold enough to forward major concerns; their concepts are mainly based on philosophical and sociological study of the reality (Mamiyeva, 2017). Social justice in the society are brought to the fore in their creative works.
Today's artists, using the power of the word, can argue more openly and honestly about different events, phenomena and life experiences. The poetry of the senior colleagues was more "muted"; we cannot but accept this fact.
At the end of the twentieth century, questions of religious-national identity became particularly acute in national regions. The political position of the Islamic religion was strengthened, including raising this topic in the pages of lyric books written by Karachay-Balkar poets. Such tendency is attributable to the determination to confront new value orientations, which are gradually taking root in Russian society.
We should point out the 21st century Karachay-Balkar poetry is experiencing a "confusion" of poetic genres, boundaries blurring between the genres, interpenetration and mutual enrichment of one another. Each genre imposes certain conventions on the poem structure and poetry techniques; in this sense the genre inter-diffusion traditionally supplements with various types of lyrics. The "transformation" in forms is observed in the "tilek" (pray) genre. The poems tell us that outcomes of human destiny is governed by God. Enduring hardships people appeal to Allah praying for mercy and help. In addition, there has been a trend in recent years towards religious component increase in the lyric poems especially, in books devoted to the historical place, the smaller Motherland, and national issues. For example, in the poems "Allah is with us" "For the East", by Sh. Bogatyreva; "Biz taulu ell edik" (We were Balkarian villages), "Mukhazhirle orama"  (Bogatyryova, 2008;Baituganov, 2016;Bakkuev, 2007), etc. the mentioned components clearly define the theme of the poems.
The one who is able to show an old man respect Listening to his words Will not stumble walking a hard way And even if he does, he will never fall.
Likewise we find the development on the same subject in a number of poetic works with the similar titles "Atamy aytyuu" (Father's proverb) by S. Uzdenov, "Atama seyu" by N. Bayramkulova, "Atam nasihaty" by D. Rakhayeva, "Ata ammanata" by A. Bakkuev. For the young poets' cohort, the tenets of morality are important and the most important among them is respecting elders. The uniqueness of the Karachays' and Balkars' ethnic psychology and the particular way of national artistic thinking are expressed using ethnographic language: adet, namys (custom / tradition, behavior norm).
In the community where culture and traditions are fading away, former moral principle that used to form the basis of the national behavior and way of life are no longer effective, it is important to heed the advice of the old men. It is the reasoning on this topic that determines the ethnical value of the above poems. The current regional poetry at most is distinguished with concern and worry about the future of the younger generation, great desire to restore the ethical and aesthetic values, spiritual and moral foundation traits that are inherent in ancestors. Aspects of the topic of ethno-mentality, holiness of customs and traditions are associated with the issues of maintaining the native language: // Malkyar tilim, ez tilim -/ Zhyuremi urgany! / Malkar tilim, shat tilim -/ Zhashauumu bayraggy! // (D.Rakhaeva "Anta tilim") (Rakhaeva, 2014, p. 24) // The Balkar language is my mother tongue -/ My heart! / Balkar is my language, joyful language -The banner of my life! //. The predecessors of the current Balkar and Karachay poetry regarded the Russian language as the second native one: "But there is also the Russian language. And it is forever /I love and understand it like a native one. / Two speeches in my heart, like rivers, / Sound, flow and become one "(" Two Languages " by T.
More and more smoking is spreading Among youth. Modern girls have even surpassed boys in smoking.
The poetic form is written as a preaching message to young girls. The author creates a highland modern female character who in a changing world has switched to modern concepts and spiritual, and moral values distinct from traditional. According to the poet, modesty and natural beauty have long been replaced by new trends coming from the West: Turlyu-Tirlyu boyala bla It was chachlaryn boyila Sora, Caeslerin Ariula Sunup, Xuüp, kyuzgyug karayla (Teyri Kılıç, 2011, p. 75).
In various colors They have their hair dyed, Thinking that they are beautiful, They admire what they see in the mirror.
However, here it should be noted that the author's attention is focused intensely on the Balkar woman transformed image, not on the general highland female character. He shows his concern only within his own ethnic community. In his aversion towards the changes in the highland girl's character, the author uses harsh language accompanied with elements of satire, and unexpected comparisons: "at zhortkhan kibik" (as if riding a horse), "uyalmayla" (shamelessness), "miskinla" The ideological, religious, cultural and philosophic changes in society make the young poets put forward gender aspect for discourse. In the poetry of the masculine writers, the changes in highland girl's look and behavior are vividly described from the Androcentric viewpoint.
The feminine poets, in turn, present their vision on the transformations in young man's moral character and ethical behavior. To reveal the characters' inner world the female authors describe their manners and behavior, because it is often in actions the character demonstrates the inherent dominant traits.
We have marked new characters appeared in the 21st century female poetry. For example, in the verse by J. Appaeva "Makhtanchak" (bouncer), "Sandyrak" (chatterbox), "Makhtanchak Zhashkha" (braggart) the text is imbued with the comic spirit and irony that acquire a satirical flavor:
The same character is actively developing in "Sandyrak'g'a sozyum" and (Message to the Chatterbox), and "Sandyrakny of Jyry" (The Joker's Song) by the Karachay poet Sh. Uzdenov.
The tendency to detail the objects for satirical exposure is clearly manifested in the poetry of modern Karachay-Balkar authors. The very titles of the poems often sound like denunciation. In the Sh. Uzdenov's poetry lyric is mixing with folklore episodes and satire elements. He uses these tools to expose and ridicule vices and follies of a fictional character, which often stand for real people. The young author avoid employing the grotesque and conditional forms. Instead, he holds up to gentle ridicule the absurdities and follies of human beings, aiming at producing in the reader not the anger of a Juvenal, but a wry smile.
(The mountain goat looking down from the mountain: Hey, Chegem! Look! / So he took the book, / And read the poems of Qaysyn).
The folklore and mythological forms creates a literary space where additional meanings are revealed. This helps to understand the ideological and aesthetic concept that writers conveys to their readers. Determining the significance of mythological and folklore motifs in context, establishing the peculiarities of modifications, functioning and interpretation of traditional elements /phenomena expressed in artistic form allow to penetrate the creative laboratory of the writer, to identify the governing processes and evolution in the artistic way of thinking.

Results and Discussions
The analysis and discussion given in this article put forward the investigation of key points in the development of the creative potential in the poetry of young authors. We have outlined aesthetic and semantic aspects, ethno-cultural resources and cultural value orientations.
Development of the individual poetic creativity is considered in the context of cultural traditions, thematic specificity, and local ethnic identify, in the light of contemporary realities.
The theoretical approach have promoted determination of the particularity of the modern national poetry, and to clearly specify the objectives and directions for further study of the subject.
In the newest poetic world vision, the writers' system of values is governed by national mentality and ethnical identity. Ethno-axiological approach reinforce the moral and ethical messages that lie behind the content of arising topics (home/homeland, folk traditions) (Kerimova, 2019).
Overall the analysis showed the innovative methodological model taking roots in the Russian modern literature has a positive impact on resuming of the ethnic-cultural component in the national literatures. The modern worldview and lyrical attitude contribute to updating the poetic language expanding the thematic range of art. The writer's vision is advancing at a time as he represents through characters the themes of loneliness, death, the problems that life hands us, and search for inner self. All this demonstrate combination of innovational and traditional. For young poets the socalled eternal themes continue to remain relevant today. Self-expressing through creative ideas they place their own emphasis bestowing different visions of life itself contributing to a birth of new literary themes and challenges.
Thus, I. Baituganov dedicated his poem "Halkymy zhangyryu kyunyu" (Day of Revival of my people) to the Balkar national holiday, Sh. Appaev in "Arakyi blah ushak" (A talk with alcohol) expresses his concern of psychological addiction, N. Bayramkulov in "Byugunnyu suratlary" (Portrait of modern time) touches upon the problem of the younger generation intolerance towards each other, etc.

Conclusion
It should be noted that nowadays Karachay-Balkar national literature mixes up with the history of its nation oriented on moral/ethic values. Creative efforts of the modern poets aim at maintaining national heritage and ethnic self-identity; the continuity with the past is the basic concept for the national picture of the world (Sultanov, 2001). Ethnic traditions allow the artist to be aware of his national belonging and create within the framework of cultural heritage but apart from these, he is offered the ways for further development. The author pursues a path rooted in the culture of its people and in its past traditions determining his way in literature.
Developing along with the Russian literature, Karachay-Balkar poetry, on the one hand, successively continues the legacy of previous years, and on the other hand, overcomes ideological and aesthetic constraints of the past, bringing fresh air into genre diversity, its concern "to one's own roots", history, culture, customs and traditions. Tradition and innovation, national and international coexist and interact with each other.