Some Asymmetry Problems of the Socio-Economic and Political Relations of Territorial Subjects of the Russian Federation

In this article, the problems of territorial alignment asymmetry of the depressive republics in the North Caucasus are considered. It is proved that while making the integrated assessment for the involvement efficiency of factors into the conditions of the market relations and economic development of the region for providing set social results, it is possible to consider the level of social and economic development of the region of the Russian Federation. For these purposes it is expedient to use two complex indicators reflecting key aspects of territorial development: economic development level of the territory; social development level of the territory.


Introduction
The aggravation of economic problems in connection with another world economic crisis burdened by sanctions of the western countries and the USA became more sensitive in connection with unevenness of socio-economic indexes of economies of the Russian Federation territorial subjects.At the same time, the situation in the majority of the Russian Federation regions does not correspond to the declared plans and promises of the Government.Unevenness of structural links in regional economic system and strengthening of social and economic territorial and branch asymmetry is common to many regions that poses in itself real threat of crises in social and economic life of society (Zakharov, 1999;Kulikov, 2000).All these factors demand development of the effective regulation mechanism of intra territorial special economic asymmetry on the basis of the balanced sustainable development.

Methodology
The research object is problems of alignment and balance of regional social and economic systems.Various methods of economic researches are applied: comparative and logical analysis, functional and system approach, correlation and regression analysis.

Research results
Problems of sustainable development have pronounced territorial character; they extended to national regional and municipal levels.In recent years the center of a research of economists of the different countries became besides stability balance of social and economic systems.Unevenness of development of the Russian Federation territories partly is explained by their geographical arrangement and climatic conditions.These are so to speak -the objective factors.At the same time, today to the forefront there are not these factors, but factors concerning development of transport infrastructure, formation of the market relations in regional economic system, etc.
In the majority of regions of Russia, and in particular, in all republics of the North Caucasus chronically the economic imbalance in development of economy of territories is observed for a long time.In the modern economic dictionary the imbalance is understood as "violation of economic balance, balance of processes, streams in the company, the region, the state" (Rayzberg & Lezovsky, 2007).
Development within the market relations and the federal structure of the state assume to consider the region in the form of an economic subsystem which the singular distinctive elements are involved, concerning the VRP level, employment, the income of the population, development and introduction of innovative processes, investment appeal of the territory and to volume of similar significant economic components.
It should be noted that the current tendencies of social and economic development of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation show ambiguity and discrepancy of development of regional economic systems that partly is explained by the happening processes of liberalization and globalization of the economic relations, and also activation protectionist policy.Natural result of similar processes is growth of differentiation of regions on extent of social and economic development that is shown in unevenness of distribution of factors of production and the income of the population, especially, in the republics of North Caucasus federal district (Table 1).The average monthly nominal added salary of employees of the organizations, rub.Gross regional product (in the current basis prices) 3), billion rubles.
Fixed assets in economy (on overall registration cost; on 4) the end of 2013), billion rubles.
The volume of the shipped goods of own production, the performed works and services with own forces, million rubles.Source: Rosstat, 2015a, 2015b.
Social and economic backwardness of the republics of the North Caucasus is a corner problem and is shown in a significant gap of the standard of living of the population in these depressive territories in comparison with such safe economically as the Republic of Tatarstan, Bashkiria, etc.It is possible to give the following figures which are convincingly showing the developed inadmissible situation of social and economic development of various Russian Federation territories.In particular, in 2016 the average per capita income of the population of 10 most successful regions more, than by 5 times exceeded the average per capita income of inhabitants of the North Caucasian republics.Moreover, on the major indicator -the VRP level is per capita observed almost tenfold gap, and in some regions more, than by 80 times.At the same time, the volumes of investment in a basis per capita exceed the capital in certain regions more, than by 200 times.It should be noted that the available gap in economic and social situation of regions does not decrease that causes outflow of the population, there is an asymmetric overflow of financial resources to more attractive highly profitable regions and so forth.All this inevitably goes to strengthening of inequality and social tension in the depressive republics of North Caucasus federal district that radical terrorist formations already quite effectively began to use.Washout of social and economic and even political borders, features of ethno-national cultures, etc. makes new demands to creation of the unique social and economic advantages steadier to impact of negative changes in the international economy.
As the reasons of such inadmissible economic state it is possible to call the following: -Hypertrophied monopolization of the market in depressive territories; -Insufficient state support in regions of the enterprises of small and medium business; -Unevenness of distribution of investments on regions; unevenness of distribution of factors of production; -Backwardness of social, production and transport infrastructure; -High regional corruption level.
In the developed geopolitical situation state regulation of regional economic systems acts as the prime and dominating element of the economic mechanism of development of territories for the purpose of ensuring positive stability of social and economic dynamics.All this demands need of activation of theoretical judgments of objective conditions of development of methods of carrying out national social and economic policy, formation of effective state institutes of management of investment processes, identification of prospects of social and economic development of depressive regions.
In the conditions of the increasing competition there is no other option of development, than research of internal reserves for formation of competitive advantages of the region.Providing it requires the interested interaction of all structures at all levels of regional and municipal authorities, on the one hand, with business structures, civil society, on the other hand.Only such symbiosis will allow finding quickly points of growth of regional economy, will give the chance to improve quality of life of the population.
It should be noted that competitiveness of territories of North Caucasus federal district at this conjuncture and the known geopolitical situation has to be formed of a potential possibility of involvement of all necessary internal reserves of production according to economically reasonable specialization of the region.
The region consists of a set of structures, such as economic, territorial, branch, social, natural and resource, etc., and existence of such political degree of structure is qualitative property of the territory.
We understand a complex of stable relations of an object by means of which its main properties, despite continuously happening various internal and external changes remain as structure.So, for example, the branch structure shows proportions, ratios and communications between the main groups of branches.
The variety of the functions and communications inherent in any regional social and economic system forces to distinguish its functional subsystems that allows, including to detail difficult structural regional system for strategic management (Bebenkov, 1998;Uyanayev, 2009).
Asymmetry of the social and economic and political relations of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation with the federal center of the Russian Federation acts as such fact which is difficult for ignoring and extraordinary to eliminate it even more difficultly.In this regard, we consider useful and interesting to give approach at which asymmetry is offered to be considered in the form of the factor stabilizing political life of Russia as it gives the chance to consider problems and interests of the people and territorial subjects of the Russian Federation (Hakimov, 2005).
Researchers allocate 2 types of asymmetry -qualitative and quantitative, and also several forms of regional asymmetry: economic, social, and social and economic (Lavrovsky, 1999;Masakov, 1998).
Regional asymmetry can be considered from two positions -both as political and legal and as the social and economic category reflecting a steady deviation of properties and the sizes of regional economic complexes from their criteria indicators.
Existence of considerable differentiation in the conditions of implementation of social and economic development of regions, demands the detailed analysis and planning of regional development taking into account the available distinctions.To the analysis and the solution of similar problems it is possible to apply ways of assessment and diagnostics of regional asymmetry.Three groups of special indicators are for this purpose offered (Masakov, 1998): 1. Indicators of development of the social sphere; 2. Indicators of distribution of powers and duties in the budgetary sphere inter-different levels of state structures;

3.
Indicators of social and economic asymmetry of regional development.
The group of special indicators given above is quite acceptable for implementation of necessary calculations of indicators of economic and social asymmetry.At the same time, during the analysis at the regional level researchers quite often come up against a situation when on arrays of necessary data different dimension is inherent.In this case, for the fact that the studied indicators were comparable regarding a variation it is recommended to use the variation coefficient defined in the form of percentage of a mean square deviation to average value of an indicator (Aliyev, 2002).It is expedient to apply this way when numerical value of coefficient of a variation does not give the chance to establish type of regional development.Such defect is eliminated by the analysis of dynamics of development of economy of the region.Despite existence of a set of developments, in applied researches the small number of indicators is applied to the common to social and economic asymmetry.So-called scope of asymmetry (W) is considered the most popular indicator.It is defined as a ratio of the greatest indicator to further (Rayzberg & Lezovsky, 2007).
W = max PR/min PR, where Pr -value of the considered indicator of social and economic development in r the region (r=1,2 … R; R -number of subjects).
By means of scope of asymmetry it is possible to estimate the maximum and minimum value of distinctions for different regions.However, the considered indicator does not allow to consider so and to reveal features of ranging of set of regions in indicator size though in life similar distribution not only is admissible, but also is always present and has various forms.So, for example, indicators of group of regions (for example, depressive) can strongly deviate from the average Russian indicator.
It should be noted that the numerous system of different indicators nevertheless in practice does not allow to open objectively the reasons of enormous distinctions between different regions in parameters of their social and economic development.Other factor of such situation is lack of statistical data on many necessary for calculations of indicators.Here probably it is necessary to create new system of statistical territorial social and economic monitoring, or it is possible as, for example, in Germany to create the federal research statistical center for the detailed analysis and forecasting.Also, in our opinion, it is necessary to bring FSGS Russian Federation out of submission of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.
The integrated reflector of involvement efficiency in conditions of the market relations of factors and the conditions of economic development of the region for providing set social results, it is possible to consider the level of social and economic development of the region of the Russian Federation.For these purposes it is expedient to use two complex indicators reflecting key aspects of territorial development: level economic and separately -the level of social development of the territory.Application of these indicators calculated on the basis of a set of the aggregated and universal sub-indicators will allow revealing and analyzing economic and social problems, and also possibilities of development of the concrete region.
In 2014, proceeding because of high depressiveness of the North Caucasian republics, the Government of the Russian Federation was forced to create the Ministry of affairs of the North Caucasus which task is development and realization of state policy in the sphere of social and economic development of North Caucasus federal district and coordination of activities for realization state and federal target programs in the territory of North Caucasus federal district.This ministry defined main objectives -realization in the republics of technical and economic potential for development of agro-industrial and industrial production, formation of an interregional modern tourist and recreational complex, preparation and retraining of highly qualified personnel.At the same time, unfortunately, so far any advances on problems of decrease in unemployment, increase in solvency of the population, reduction of debt on the credits, housing and public utilities, etc. is not observed (Rosstat, 2015a(Rosstat, , 2015b)).
The large-scale tasks of an exit to the average Russian level practically on all main indicators and implementation of the priority directions of social and economic development of the North Caucasus are set for regions of North Caucasus federal district.For this purpose it is required to make necessary corrections of complex strategy of sustainable development of North Caucasus federal district; to form special investment climate; to perform optimization of government; to create target investment programs for creation of social infrastructure of subjects of the district; to increase volumes for improvement of settlements, to improve quality of life of the population.
It should be noted that at the level of social and economic development of the southern regions the set of factors can positively affect, including: a) Existence of raw material resources, b) Highly productive lands of agricultural purpose, c) Tourist and recreational sector and others.

1.
Practically in all republics there is a serious potential of formation of the North Caucasian industrial and territorial complex (ITC) -a powerful source of raw materials (oil, gas, tungsten, molybdenum, zinc), and also existence of the general background conditions of dispersal of a manpower, the developed transport and social infrastructure.
At placement of PTK of mountain territories it is necessary to consider features of their concentration in nodal areas, as a rule, located in intermountain lowlands.For example, Karachayevsk in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic in difficult conditions of a mountainous terrain of industrial enterprise are located in intermountain and intra mountain hollows; and in Kabardino-Balkar Republic and the republic Northern Ossetia-Alania the industrial enterprises are concentrated on extensive territories of river valleys (respectively -the Tyrnyauzsky mining and processing complex and the Sadono-Mizursky mining area).
One feature -"re-structuring" is common to all industrial enterprises of mountain territories of the republics of the North Caucasus: the enterprises, as a rule, specialize in "preparatory" stages of production of a product, the industrial semi-finished product further made are processed in foothill and flat territories.
Process of social and economic development of the territory has to be based on involvement as external (independent of the subject of development), and the internal factors depending on extent of influence of external.The state and a vector of development of regional agrarian economy directly depends on a set of factors, in particular, from the level of involvement of natural and material means, the organization and qualification of work, scientific developments of agrarian higher education institutions and scientific research institute, integration of structural links of agrarian and industrial complex.These factors concern to the main.During the research it is necessary to analyze carefully and local factors.

2.
One of key resources of rural territories land-poor the North Caucasus is the earth, its quality, a territorial arrangement.Quality of land grounds is influenced by a set of natural factors: location, an amount of precipitation, average annual temperature, etc. which in total form "the bioclimatic potential".
Even such small (in relation to the Russian Federation) the territory as Kabardino-Balkar Republic, has "the" features concerning land resources.This and another demands introduction of the adapted system of agriculture constructed both on divisions into districts of crops and on need of the accounting of bioclimatic features of each concrete plant variety because their fitness to economic zones depends on it.
In the conditions of the increasing competition in farms of North Caucasus federal district it is not possible to pay properly special attention to problems of an intensification of agricultural production which assumes not only development and realization of progressive technologies, but also search of financial sources for implementation of essential investments.
Essential factor of growth of stability of development of rural territories is optimization of placement of agro-industrial production in rural areas.In system of the factors aimed at providing stability of agrarian and industrial complex, the large role is also played by social factors which are inseparably linked with economy; moreover, economic development is base of social development.Historically always "economic development" was on the first place, and social development was provided by the residual principle.Social transformations in the developed countries (Sweden, Finland, Denmark, etc.) precede economic today.So, in these countries at the choice of the place of work (not very well, public service or private enterprises) first of all pay attention to how the social sphere what working conditions, the level of material remunerations, etc. is developed.

3.
The vector of development of specialization of a tourist and recreational complex allows to allocate functionality of recreational products and on their base to prove the general development strategy, to designate infrastructure, etc.
The resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation created Resorts of the North Caucasus Jointstock company (the joint-stock company "KSK) for management of development of tourist and recreational special economic zones as a part of the tourist cluster in North Caucasus federal district consisting of five tourist and recreational special economic zones in the territory of which it was planned implementation of projects on creation of 6 all-weather tourist and recreational complexes and one coastal cluster.However, because of incorrectly selection of team of managers this joint-stock company does not cope with the tasks set by the Government for today.
For objective assessment and diagnostics of level of social and economic development and justification of a vector of development of regions, it is expedient to use a way of comparison of standard and reporting indicators that will allow estimating the reached provision of development of the territory precisely.

Conclusion
The integrated reflector of involvement efficiency in conditions of the market relations of factors and the conditions of economic development of the region for providing set social results, it is possible to consider the level of social and economic development of the region of the Russian Federation.For these purposes it is expedient to use two complex indicators reflecting key aspects of territorial development: level economic and separately -the level of social development of the territory.Application of these indicators calculated on the basis of a set of the aggregated and universal sub-indicators will allow revealing and analyzing economic and social problems, and also possibilities of development of the concrete region.
Need of rational management of regions, establishing effective control of the carried-out structural transformations for the purpose of development of territorial and branch structures is obvious.We are convinced that mobilization of internal reserves of the republics can become a basis of economic balance and open the prospects of future economic growth.So-called "propulsive" branches will allow creating in the depressive republics of a pole of growth, to create an economic kernel as source of growth of stability of the balanced regional development.

Table 1 .
Main macroeconomic indicators of the North Caucasian Federal District